[演講摘要] 中東穆斯林性別角色的改變

中東穆斯林性別角色的改變
(Changing gender roles among Muslims in the Middle East)

Forty years of experience in the Middle East, with fieldworks in Egypt, Oman, and Yemen, have provided me with an in-depth longitudinal perspective on gender among Muslims. Egypt, Oman and Yemen are distinctive societies with internal differences, also as regards gender .Yet it is possible to discern similarities among the populations in each of the localities.
In this talk I shall focus on the changes over time in gender roles in a poor urban quarter of Cairo, a town in Oman that has become prosperous since the 80s, and among poor rural women in Yemen. I shall explore the impact of changes in political regimes and the rise of fundamentalism, as well as of international migration and globalization. The picture that will emerge will be notably different from media stereotypes, and will provide an insight into such issues as women’s emancipation, participation in the labor market, education, use of Islamic dress, and socialization.

根據四十年在中東的研究經驗，在埃及、阿曼、葉門的田野調查，提供了Wikan對於穆斯林性別的觀察有全面性且長時間性的洞悉。埃及、阿曼和葉門分別是內部本質不相同的社會，在性別議題方面也呈現差異。然而還是有可能在這些當地社會的人口當中，察覺到相同性質的存在。
在這篇演講當中，Wikan會專注於性別角色的改變如何隨著時間變遷。她討論的範疇有:開羅城市的貧窮社區，一個從80年代開始變得富庶的阿曼小鎮，和在葉門貧窮鄉村的婦女。Wikan會探討在政治領域和逐漸強大的基本教義派之間改變的影響，以及國際移民和全球化。所呈現的圖像將與媒體的刻板印象有顯著差異。針對婦女解放、勞工市場的參與、教育、和伊斯蘭服裝的使用以及社會化，Wikan也會提供她的見解，